A property of a material that changes the speed of light, computed as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light through the material. When light travels at an angle between two ...

Porous rubber microbeads suspended in a gel are found to exhibit a negative acoustic index of refraction, which makes these metamaterials promising for underwater acoustic applications. Negative-index ...

Transformation optics (TO) proposed concurrently by Pendry and Leonhardt 1,2 opened a gateway to put forward ideas for designing devices with unprecedented functionalities. Although the method was ...

If you studied advanced physics at high school, there's a good chance that you remember Snell's law, which states how a ray of light bends when it crosses a boundary between two media. According to ...

Among the various sensing modalities available for bioprocess operations, index of refraction (IoR) is intriguing for its simplicity and capability for sample-less, real-time readout. A group led by ...

Utilizing Index of Refraction Monitors in Biopharmaceutical Downstream Processing and Purification When the FDA published the 2003 document, “Pharmaceutical Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs ...